Chinese
Name:玉 (硬玉) (翡翠)
English Name:Jade (Jadeite)
Chemical Composition:NaAl
(Si2O6) Sodium aluminum silicate
Jadeite Jade: NaAl
(Si2O6) (Black Chicken Variety) (Lavender Variety)
Omphacite Jade: (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+Al)(Si2O6) (Oily Green Variety, Inky/Black Green Variety)
Kosmochlor Jade: NaCr
(Si2O6) (Dry Green Variety)
Main Composition in Jadeite Jade: Jadeite, Sodium Chromium Pyroxene, Omphacite
Crystal System:Monoclinic
Hardness:6.5 - 7.0
SG:3.30 - 3.38
RI:1.652 - 1.688 (Double refraction
0.020)
Locality:Burma, Guatemala, USA, Japan, China
Colour:Green, light purple, white,
pink, brown, red, blue, black,
orange & yellow.
Remarks:Jade is very tough and
resistant because of its tight growth of tiny interlocking
grains.
Special Optical Effect:Glittering Effect of Jadeite Jade, it's a phenomenon shown when a piece of polished jadeite jade is placed under reflective light. it will show sparkling spot when the stone rotate, people call it ",Fly wings" or "Glittering Effect of Jadeite Jade", the cause is due to the cleavage planes within the Jadeite minerals crystals.
Variety |
Colour |
Remarks |
老坑種
(Old Mine Variety) ("Lo-Hang") |
Green |
Top grade jadeite; The green colour is evenly distributed,
pure, deep and vivid; gine grained with very good transparecny. |
深青
(Deep Green Variety) |
Deep Green |
Deep Green jadeite; Colour is evently distributed. |
天(鐵)龍生種
(Heavenly Dragon)
(Hte Long Sein Variety) |
Sharp Green |
Around 1996, a Primary Deposit of jadeite jade was discovered
at Longkin worksite, in the north of the Pharkant mining
district, northern Myanmar. This variety of jadeite jade
has a fully saturated green colouring. This characteristic
lead to it being called "hte long sein' - which means
"full green" in the local Myanmar language.
Hte Long Sein variety has a full green colour but poor
transparency. |
芙蓉種
Frosted, Fu Rong
(Fu-Yung Variety) |
Pale Green |
Fu Yung is usually a pure light green jadeite jade,
with no blue tones in it, and with even colour distribution,
and it looks rather clear. |
豆種
(Pea Green Variety) |
Pale Green to Deep Green |
the grains in it are coarse and can easily be seen with
the naked eye.The category can be further divided according
to texture, calrity, and colour. e.g. "Sugar Pea",
"Ice Pea", "Colourful Pea". |
玻璃種、冰種
(Glassy Variety,
Icy Variety)
(Bo Li Zhong) (Bin Zhong) |
Colourless/
Pale Green |
Icy Jadeite jade is less transparent than the glassy
vaiety because of its coarser jadeite grains. |
油青種
(Oily Green Variety) |
Green (Greish, Bluish) |
This variety of jadeite jade is a relatively dark green,
usually mixed with some gray or blue. Transparecny is
usually good, its granular texture is usually givrous,
and may be very fine. |
雷劈種
(Thunder Strike Variety)
(Lei Pi Zhong) |
Sharp Green with white spot |
Green colour jadeite with irregular crack marks. |
跳青種
(Jumping Green Variety) |
Green on White, pale green or gray background |
Green spot on white, pale green or gray background |
金絲種
(Golden Silk Variety)
(Jin Si Zhong) |
Deep green to pale green; background: pale green or
white |
The green colouring in this variety of jadeite jade
is present in parallet streaks. The green is disconinuous
along certain directins. |
花青種
(Flower Green Variety) |
Green: can be in dendritic, veinite or can be in cloddy
form
Background: pale caolour, colourless, pale green or gray |
Where there are patches of deep green unevenly distributed
throughout the jade. Its base colour may be light green
or some other colour and its texture can be caarse or
fine grained. |
白底青種
(Green in Snow Variety) (Bai Di Ching) |
Sharp Green
Background: White |
The features of this material are a coarse, usually
granular texture, and a generally white base colour. |
紫羅蘭種(紫玉) (Lavender Variety) |
Pale purple, pinkish purple to bluish purple |
Purple jadeite jade. Can be divided into sub-varieties
such as pinish purple, aubergine purple, blusih purple,
and even reddish purple. |
紫青種
(Purple Green Variety) |
Green on purple background |
Patches/veins of green appear on purple jadeite. |
紅玉
(Red Jade Variety) |
Deep red, brownish red, orange red |
Jadeite with deep red, brownish red or orange red colour. |
黃玉
(Yellow Jade Variety) |
Pure yellow to brownish yellow |
The yellow in yellow jadeite is a secondary colour cause
by the infiltration or development of limonite minerals
during the weathering of jadeite jade boulders. |
乾青種
(鈉鉻輝石質翡翠)
(Dry Green Variety) |
Sharp Green; deep green to black green |
A variety of deep green jadeite jade, has a granular
texture with poor transparency, and is almost opaque.
The green may be evenly or unevenly distributed throughout
the stone and may vary in intensity throughout the piece.
it often contains black spots.It only appears vivid in
colour when cut into then pieces. Dry Green jadeite jade
is mostly composed of kosmochlor, together with some chromites
and amphibole group minerals. |
烏雞種
(Black Chicken Variety) |
Deep gray to black gray |
It occurs in uneven colour tones, grayish black to black,
sometimes with varying degrees of grayish green, clearer
green tones in pale parts of the stone, poorly transparent
to opaque in parts with deep colour, translucent to opaque
in the paler parts. |
墨翠
(綠輝石質的翡翠)
(Inky/Black Green Variety) |
Appear as black when think, blackish green can appear
when cut in slide piece |
(jadeite which contains omphacite)
It appears black in reflected light but deep green in
transmitted light.Its colour relatively even and pure,
usually without white spots, and that it has a comparatively
fine texture. |
福祿壽種
(Fuk-Kuk-Sau) |
Together with green, red and purple at the same time |
This jadeite jade is rich in the variety of its colours,
several colours may exists in one piece. A piece of jadeite
jade is considered to be a slymbol of extraordinary good
luck if it contains green, red and purple simultaneously,
as these represent luck, property, and longevity. |
Ref: Jadeite Jade (Professor MiMi Ou Yang) |
Chinese
Name:軟玉
English Name:Nephrite Jade (Not belong
to Jadeite Jade)
Chemical Composition:Ca2(Mg,Fe)5(OH)2 basic calcium mag. iron silicate
Crystal System:Monoclinic
Hardness:6.0 - 6.5
SG:2.90 - 3.03
RI:1.600 - 1.627 (Double refraction
-0.027)
Locality:Burma, China, USA, Canada,
Mexico, Brazil, Taiwan, Italy, Poland, Germany, Swiss
Colour:Green, also in other colours. |
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