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Chinese Name:黃金
English Name:Gold
Chemical Composition:Au
Crystal System:Cubic
Hardness:2.5–3.0
SG:15.5 - 19.3
Colour:Golden-yellow
Luster:Metallic
Crystal Habit:Crystal habits in cubic form or octahedron, very rare. Mostly in the form of beads, nuggets or branches/dendritic.

Native gold is very soft, with the hardness of 2.5-3.0. It has to be alloyed with other metals, to make it tough enough for use in jewellery, we can also add with different metals in order to create different colour.
The purity of gold is defined as its 'fineness', we call it gold alloys, which are measured for their purity as a degree of fineness out of 1000 or alternatively as carat (ct) fineness also denoted by karat (K). The most widely used gold alloys in jewelry is 18K (750) or 14K (585)

How to tell the fineness of gold alloys from your jewelry?
Most of the jewelry are stamped with a series of marks to indicate the type and fineness of the metal used. This is called an assay or hallmark. You may find a small embossed mark as "18K" or "750" on your silver jewelry.

Fineness
Karat (K)
Gold Hallmark
999
24K (fine gold)
925
916
22K
925
750
18K
925
585
14K
925
375
9K
925

Fancy Colour Gold
Color of Gold Alloys
Alloys
White
10% to 20% Nickel, with Copper, Tin, Sometimes with the add with Platinum or Manganese
Red
Gold, Silver, Copper with proper ratio
Green
Silver, Sometimes with the add of Cadmium and Zinc
Pink
Copper together with Silver or just Copper
Yellow
Silver and Copper
Blue
Gallium or Indium
Grey
Palladium, or (Silver, Manganese and Copper, this is more economic)
Purple
Aluminium
Black
Usually comes from high content of Iron, can be as higher as 40% or more
   
 
Functions:
1. Representing wealth.
2. The energy of sun, giving courage and increase self confiderence.
3. Gold also representing "long life"
4. Acts as self protection, to ward off evils.
   
General care for Gold Jewelry:
1. To maintain the shine of your gold jewelry, wipe your piece with a soft cloth to remove any dirts that build-up from normal wear.
2. Gold Jewelry may be placed in ultrasonic or steam cleaner. But if it's mounted with gemstones, make sure the gemstones is suitable for this kind of cleaning.
3. Cleaning Diamond Gold Jewelry: Use lukewarm plain water, mild soap and a soft brush to scrub behind the stone where dirt can collect.
   
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